Penicillin pass through porins of gram negative bacterial cell wall. The penicillin then binds to penicillin binding protein linked the cell membrane to be activated. Active penicillin binds to and inactivate transpeptidase enzyme. As a result peptidoglycans NAM and NAG sugars are not cross-linked and the cell wall collapse
Penicillin mechanism of action the symbol of gram positive bacteria is composed mainly a thick layer of peptidoglycan whereas the more stubborn gram-negative bacteria have an extra outer layer above the peptidoglycan layer hip soda glycans are composed of chains of amino sugars such as lambs or nags there are cross linked together by the short amino acid chains
Such as an anine and glutamic acids these amino acids are cross linked together by the transpeptidase enzyme to start their bacterial destructive effects the rena lactam antibiotics such as penicillin and cephalosporins have to pass through special barrel-shaped proteins known as porins that across the outer layer of gram-negative bacteria then penicillin must
Reverse the peptidoglycan and bind to specific proteins an external part of bacterial cell membrane called penicillin binding proteins or pbp binding to penicillin binding proteins activates penicillin antibiotics next the active penicillin swims back to bind and inactivate the transfer of today’s enzymes the inactivation of transporta days enzyme results in the
Collapse of amino acid chains and damage of the peptidoglycan architecture this leads to a series of reactions which end by massive destruction of silver and death of the bacteria there are three major mechanisms for bacterial resistance to be the lactams antibiotics firstly many bacteria have developed beta lactamase enzymes that specifically bind to and inactivate
The beta lactam rank of these antibiotics therefore mira lactams antibiotics become constrained and cannot attack the bacterial peptidoglycan secondly some gram negative bacteria closed the porins and prevent antibiotics from reaching the positive lichens remember that there is no outer layer in the wall of the gram-positive bacteria finally some bacteria develop
Mutations in the binding size of the penicillin binding proteins so penicillin is prevented from binding to them and remains inactive you
Transcribed from video
Penicillin Mechanism of Action animation video By Pharmacology Animation
