How are Nutraceuticals Classified? Is any one method of classification sufficient? Watch this video lecture series to know all about the different types of nutraceuticals.
The probiotic microorganisms are the friendly bacteria the scientific interest in probiotics boosted from the work of mesh nick off a famous scientist to transform the toxic flora of the large intestine into a host friendly colony of bacillus bulgaricus which was found by horde in 2008 now as we know probiotics means for life and are defined as live microorganisms
Which when consumed in adequate amounts confer a health effect on the host they act to crowd out pathogens such as yeast other bacteria and viruses that may otherwise cause disease and develop mutually advantageous symbiosis with the human gastrointestinal tract now we don’t need to go in so much details but you should know that they have an antimicrobial effect
Through modifying the microflora and preventing the adhesion of pathogens to the intestinal epithelium and they compete for nutrients necessary for pathogen survival producing an antitoxin effect and reversing some of the consequences of infection on the intestinal epithelium it’s quite interesting like such a secretory changes a neutrophil migration now these
Probiotics or the friendly microorganisms can cure lactose intolerance by the production of the specific enzyme that is beta galactosidase that can hydrolyze the offending lactose into its component sugars now some sources of probiotic micro organisms which you can see here are from milk yogurt fermented products the human breast milk gastrointestinal tract and
Vegetables greens and fruits you can see from milk we have lactobacillus acidophilus and another species lack type and we have propia neo bacterium from milk now coming to yogurt we have lactobacillus delbridge king and it’s subspecies bulgaricus we just discussed just now then we have by fido bacterium species streptococcus species and we need to know that there
Is a difference between yogurt and curd which is usually available in the market and this difference is due to the presence of different microorganisms in yogurt and curd respectively now coming to the other fermented products they give lactobacillus casei and lactobacillus l o bios’s and other species of lactobacillus and again we have bifida bacterium species
From the fermented products when we have antilochus fashem then we can see here the gastrointestinal tract that is the lactobacillus species gastly and john sunny and escherichia coli can be isolated from the gastrointestinal tract and these can be served as important nutriceuticals now let us move on ahead and see what are the different nutraceutical enzymes as
You know enzymes are an essential part of life without which our bodies would cease to function those people who are suffering from medical conditions such as hypoglycemia blood sugar disorders digestive problems and obesity eliminate the symptoms by enzyme supplements to their diet now these enzymes can be derived from the microbial sources and the plant sources
And the animal sources and here you can see the different examples the enzymes from the microbial sources are such as hemi cellulose catalyst a my low glucose adays glucoamylase cellulase inverted sucrose and lactase beta galactosidase in the plant enzymes we have hemi cellulose again which is present in the plant walls then we have pectin a’s from the cell wall
And alpha gallop today’s glucoamylase bromelain from pineapple and bio deities from soya bean and we are beta-amylase from the higher play coming to the animal sources of nutraceutical enzymes is aux by and pancreas from the pancreatic juice and we have trypsin again from the pancreatic juice then we have chymotrypsin and many classes of vertebrates are sources of
Chymotrypsin then we get pepsin from the animals trachea secretions and alpha amylase from the saliva of animals and lysozyme from the saliva tears egg white and many animal fluids so here we can have a very clear idea that what are the different types of nutriceuticals coming from the natural sources we move on to the nutriceuticals from the artificial sources the
Fortified nutraceuticals have been categorized under artificial sources not because they are totally artificial but because they do not come naturally from the basic sources rather these have been enhanced on enriched from agricultural breeding or added nutrients or other elements like for example orange juice fortified with calcium now we see that orange juice does
Not produce naturally with calcium so we are adding here to enhance the calcium requirements of patients then we have cereals with added vitamins or minerals they are available in the market and then we have floor with added folic acid and milk fortified with cholecalciferol used in vitamin d deficiency a very widespread deficiency especially in women then we have
Prebiotic and probiotic fortified milk with bifida bacterium lactase and which is used in diarrhea respiratory infections and severe illnesses in children then we have also seen banana fortified using soybean ferritin gene in iodine deficiency as we have seen nutraceuticals from natural sources but a question which arises in our mind says what if a particular kami
Constituent or a phytochemical which is very important for the normal physiological functions and for the rectification of the disorders and diseases need to be in a larger quantity so there comes biotechnological innovations and recombinant technologies which help in producing energy providing foods such as bread fermented starch yogurt cheese vinegar and others
Which can be produced with the help of biotechnology now the production of probiotics and the extraction of bioactive components by enzyme or fermentation technologies as well as genetic engineering technology are achieved through biotechnology here we can see some examples where recombinant nutriceuticals can be obtained from recombinant plants or we common and
Microorganisms a few examples i have cited here such as maize golden mustard golden rice iron rice golden kiwi fruit tomato what do these recombinant plants do they help in creating the deficiency the lacunae such as for example with them in a iram and folate and folate as we know is a naturally occurring form of vitamin b9 and it is needed to make red and white
Blood cells in the bone marrow it also helps in converting carbohydrate into energy and it produces dna and rna and adequate folate intake is extremely important during periods of rapid growth such as pregnancy infancy and adolescence so here how does it work let’s have a very brief outlook we can see here in the case of maize golden rice this is generation of our
Production of transgenic maize with enhanced pro vitamin a content and how is it achieved how is it obtained so the over expression of the bacterial genes like we are designating here cr tb that is for fito in synthesis and cr t i for the four desaturation steps of the carrier tonight pathway the pro-vitamin a carotenoids such as beta-carotene they are derived
From plant foods and are a major source of vitamin a so these bacterial genes they catalyze the pathways for the more larger production of these carotenoids thereby we can see there is a resultant increase of total carotenoids of up to 34 fold with a preferential accumulation of beta-carotene in the maize endosperm and it is quite fascinating in the same way
Golden rice is also produced using the overexpression of these bacterial genes and as a result conquering the deficiency of vitamin a which affects over 250 million people worldwide and is one of the most prevalent nutritional deficiencies in the developing countries are which results in significant socio-economic losses so this is how we are producing recombinant
Nutraceuticals and there are many more examples we will see in the future similarly we have recombinant microorganisms which play a very important role in the production of nutraceuticals such as the e.coli and the spirulina pacifica fusarium when in item and as youtube actors i’ll enum then we have aspergillus oryzae and saccharomyces cerevisiae now these are
The different microorganisms and subsequently we get enzymes from these microorganisms and the products which can be made possible for fulfilling the lacunae and the gaps of their basic requirements in the diet such as milk coagulated products increased hemoglobin increased branch solubilization then we have the kombucha beverage alcoholic beverage and resveratrol
These are some important nutrition which could be made possible due to recombinant biotechnology
Transcribed from video
Nutraceuticals – Classification – Part 2/3 By Edifysity
