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Video in this video we’re going to talk about two important hormones peptide hormones insulin and glucagon which are important in regulation of metabolism for regulating blood glucose levels and even regulating other macromolecules including proteins and lipids now where do insulin and glucagon come from well if we zoom into this man’s stomach we can see here is a
Duodenum which is part of the small intestines the first part of small intestines and we also have blood the bloodstream all around this area now right beside the duodenum we have the pancreas and the pancreas is also situated right below the stomach the pancreas has many roles one of its main roles is that it secretes digestive enzymes which initiates digestion and
It does this by secreting it through the pancreatic duct into the duodenum another duct that attaches to the pancreatic duct is the bile duct where bile comes from and bile is also secreted in duodenum another role the pancreas has the main role that we’re looking at is that the package also secretes two hormones insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream and i’m
Drawing insulin as an eye and gluten as a g or circled in blue here and what they do as i mentioned is that they regulate metabolism they keep the homeostatic conditions of metabolism so some are to summarize the pancreas secretes two important hormones insulin and glucagon crucial for the normal regulation of macromolecules and therefore the homeostatic conditions
Of metabolism in our body up for blood glucose levels for example so if we zoom into the pancreas here we can see what structures in cells the pancreas has and also where these two hormones come from insulin and glucagon the pancreas consists of many armed exocrine producing cells which form the pancreatic assini and these are the cells which synthesize and secrete
Digestive enzymes a pancreatic just of enzymes and so they secreted into the pancreatic duct which then goes into the duodenum but we are not looking at this we’re looking at the hormones and also in this around this area we have red blood cells here okay but what we’re concentrating on are the hormones and these are secreted by cells which form clusters around
The pancreas and these clusters or islets are known as the islets of langerhans and within the islets of langerhans are the hormone producing cells and there are many types of hormone producing cells but we are mainly looking at three and these are the alpha cells which secrete glucagon the beta cells which secrete insulin and the delta cells so let’s take a closer
Look at these three cells so we have the alpha cells we have the beta cells and we have the delta cells now the delta cells are make up about 10% of the hormones producing cells within the islets of langerhans and the delta cells secrete somatostatin and somatostatin regulate secretion of other pancreatic hormones that it’s that is its role it’s known role then we
Have the beta cells which make up 60% of the cells within the islets of langerhans so quite a lot of beta cells in the lives of lemon and the beta cells secrete two important hormones insulin and amylin amylin has a role in slowing down the gastric emptying so slowing down the emptying of the bolus or time now from the stomach into the duodenum and then we have
Insulin and its role is in the regulation of macromolecules so major role in metabolism and then we have the alpha cells which make up 25% of the cells within the alice of langerhans and it secretes the hormone glucagon and glucagon has a role in the regulation also macromolecules and therefore metabolism now glucagon and insulin are not the same where one hormone
Promotes the uptake and reabsorption of macromolecules the other promotes the breakdown of mecha so now you can click on the links to glucagon or insulin to see its role in our body and how it controls metabolism please click on the links on the video will screen thank you
Transcribed from video
Insulin and Glucagon Overview By Armando Hasudungan
