How has ASPIRIN evolved?
In 1950 it entered the guinness world records for being the most purchased drug the former u.s president donald trump takes a daily dose of it to prevent heart attacks this video will be about the 120 years history of aspirin around 1500 bc the ancient egyptians recorded more than 700 types of minerals plants animals and more than 800 prescriptions in a scroll
Called the papyrus ebers and we can find some interesting contents in it if you peel the willow bark off the tree glue it and drink then the pain will go away although the ancient egyptians did not understand why the pain went away they realized the benefits of willow bark around 400 bc hippocrates the father of modern medicine eased the pain of sick people by
Told them to chew willow bark he had used willow bark as a pain reliever moreover he said that if pregnant woman drunk tea from willow leaves it would alleviate the pain during labor around 300 bc theophrastus the father of botany discovered that the extract from willow bark had analgesic effects so he cooked willow bark and prescribed it however at this time he
Didn’t fully understand the composition of willow bark he only used it as a folk remedy so did the people several hundred years ago koreans when suffering from a toothache had brushed their teeth with decoction from willow trees when they had a fever they would bathe with that same decoction back then when admiral yee soon-sin was attending the national military
Exam his ankle was injured due to falling from his horse he then splinted his leg with willow bark then continued the test in 1763 edward stone a viker living in chipping norton england had a fever with symptoms similar to malaria and was very tired due to high body temperature and chills one day while he was walking near the grass he accidentally tasted willow
Bark and noted its taste was similarly to quinine which was used in the treatment of malaria so he guessed that there might be some active ingredients in the willow bark after drying the bark for more than three months then he pounded it and performed clinical trials himself however symptoms of the fever that made him suffer were completely relieved hence on
April 25th 1763 he sent a letter announcing his discovery to the british royal society after that over five years stone gave the powdered willow bark to nearly 50 people complaining of fever and conducted experiments many of them had relief from the pain in 1828 the active ingredient in willow bark was finally discovered johann buchner a german pharmacologist
Successfully extracted the active ingredient from willow which created small yellow crystals that he named salicin a year later in 1829 pierre joseph larue a french pharmacist improved the extraction process in 1838 rafael piria an italian chemist extracted a stronger compound in salicylic and named it salicylic acid however salicylic acid the active ingredient in
Willow bark despite its outstanding cooling effect it caused side effects such as gastrointestinal disorders tinnitus and vomiting so scientists researched to eliminate the side effects of salicylic acid in 1853 charles frederick gerhart a french chemist discovered that a combination of the two compounds salicylic acid and acetyl group would reduce the side effects
That combination gave birth to acetylsalicylic acid the main ingredient of aspirin however at first acetosalicylic acid was unstable so it was not used later some scientists had researched to be able to synthesize acetylsalicylic acid more efficiently in 1890 in bayer at a small german pharmaceutical company a 23-year-old young man had joined the company as a new
Research member his name was felix hoffman he was a young chemist who received a phd from munchen university in germany however he had a father suffering from rheumatoid arthritis for a long time his father used sodium salicylate for pain relief but was struggling with side effects like stomach disorders because of his father hoffman stayed up all night studying a
More stable way to synthesize acetylsalicylic acid just like that on august 10th 1897 he had successfully synthesized acetylsalicylic acid in a stable and pure form then in 1989 after bayer tested the effectiveness of pain relief through clinical trials they officially started to produce this pharmaceutical hoffman gave his father the new developed aspirin that
Evening his father slept soundly without any pain the acetylsalicylic acid that hoffman developed was a combination name with the letter a in acetyl spur is derived from a plant known as sporea omaria and the suffix in was added to create aspirin at first aspirin was only sold in powder form so it needed to be weighed before distributing later many pharmaceutical
Companies started to make products from aspirin in 1914 while the bayer company was working to distinguish genuine drugs from counterfeit drugs they refined and produced tablets in fixed amounts in 1918 the spanish flu killed more than 50 million people worldwide during this period aspirin was known as a pain reliever hence the sales were doubled later aspirin
Gradually began to be recognized as an analgesic in 1950 aspirin entered the guinness world records for being the most frequently sold painkiller in 1969 with the apollo 11 event that first landed humans on the moon aspirin was considered effective that it was included in the list of preventive drugs however up to this point humans still didn’t understand how
Aspirin works in the human body and why it can help with pain relief in 1971 john vain a professor of pharmacology researched how acetylsalicylic acid works in the human body and found out that acetylsalicylic acid works on an enzyme called cyclooxygenase normally if the body is in pain the cyclooxygenase enzyme stimulates inflammation and produced a substance
Called prostaglandins this substance generates heat and causes pain in the body however if you use acetylsalicylic acid it will inhibit cyclooxygenase suppress the production of prostaglandins which helps relieve pain and reduce heat generation john vane made such a scientific explanation in 1982 john vain was recognized and won a nobel prize in physiology or
Medicine on the other hand in the 1970s acetylsalicylic acid had been shown to have other efficacy in the science field the cyclooxygenase enzyme that i explained earlier includes cox-1 that inhibits gastric secretion and cox-2 which causes blood coagulation it has two types like that if aspirin is used it will help to inhibit the activities of cyclooxygenase
Which reduce the function of blood clotting and generates gastric secretion however decreasing the function of blood clotting by inhibiting cox 2 like this on the other hand is helpful in the treatment of heart disease in fact in the 1980s for patients with suspected myocardial infarction clinical trials were conducted on them they took a daily of 160 milligrams
Of aspirin for 30 days and the result is it could reduce the risk of death or heart muscle damage after that clinical trials for cardiovascular diseases were conducted in 1988 based on the previous experiments aspirin protect 100 milligrams was released although this drug has a history of more than 120 years since its release new researches on its function are
Conducted annually however for people without any cardiovascular disease if you use aspirin for long-term prevention on the contrary it can cause brain in stomach bleeding pharmacies in the us have warned aspirin is not a panacea so we have learned about the history of aspirin
Transcribed from video
How aspirin was discovered [ILLUSTORY] By ILLUSTORY
