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Hey guys nurse mike here and welcome to simple nursing comm now before we get today’s lecture started please remember to access your free quiz and preview our cool nifty new study guides not here on youtube click the link right up here at any time during this video all right guys let’s begin today we’re wrapping up hyponatremia hypo meaning low natural meaning sodium
And emmy up meaning in the blood so sodium less than 1 3 5 micro equivalents in the blood now main causes that drain sodium from the body and into the body we use the 4 ds so drains like ng tube diuretics diarrhea as well as diaphoresis profuse sweating simply all fluids that leave your body have some type of electrolytes because we’re fluids flow electrolytes go but
The other causes of low sodium we use the acronym siadh so the s is actually siadh syndrome of ineffective antidiuretic hormone so if you guys remember adh means add d h2o for acronym now spanish for yes is c so yes add the h2o siadh retains water dilutes sodium in the blood and so we have this low liquid e lab values called chemo dilutions i stands for intoxication
Of water so he mode i lucian again leading to low sodium those low liquid e lab values a stands for adrenal insufficiency is like adrenal crisis with our addison’s disease patients basically waste sodium from the body and puts it in the potty d is for our diuretics like thiazide x’ and loop diuretics generic names for hydrochlorothiazide and furosemide both of
These are considered potassium wasting as well as sodium wasting diuretics lastly h is for heat exhaustion or high fever which causes massive sweating something called diaphoresis okay signs and symptoms and nursing assessments for a low sodium well what’s going on in hyponatremia well it’s low low sodium right and since sodium is the queen of blood pressure and
Blood ball well then everything in the body should be depressed and deflated right well wrong it actually depends on the type of hyponatremia but the two main types are hypovolemic hyponatremia basically a loss of fluid and sodium together and hypervolemic hyponatremia basically an increase of body water greater than sodium now before you get too confused and
Start reconsidering your career choice let’s make this simple and really focus in on what the tests will ask you now what do you really think they’re gonna ask you well prioritization signs and symptoms of course who are you gonna assess first so write these down we’re gonna go from mild to severe mild you’ll have fatigue nausea vomiting and headache medium general
Malaise or altered loc level of consciousness as well as lethargy or basically weakness now severe signs that you really have to prioritize and assess first are seizures brain stem herniation coma respiratory arrest which all lead to death these are priority signs and symptoms that your test and your nclex will expect you guys to know they’ll ask what patient will
The nurse see first so guys really pause this video write those down because honestly they are very critical now here’s a little hint for you we have nclex prioritization and delegation questions in this next little video series here at simple nursing calm so guys please don’t worry i got you now for our general signs and symptoms so in the heart the cardiovascular
System vital signs will depend on the type of hyponatremia if we have hypovolemic basically low low fluid and sodium you’ll have increased heart rate basically the heart’s trying to pump to provide fluids to the major organs decrease blood pressure basically not enough fluid volume and no pressure in the veins the vascular space increased respiratory rate because
Again not enough fluid hence not enough oxygen and the lungs are trying to compensate now on the other side of the coin if you have hypervolemic high high fluid increased heart rate because too much fluid the heart will try to pump harder to push out that fluid there’ll be increased blood pressure because of all that fluid in the vascular spaces and decreased
Respirations difficulty breathing due to that fluid volume overload putting all that pressure on the lungs as far as ekgs there’ll be cardiac dysrhythmias st elevations on the ecg because the ventricles are cramping up and not relaxing or repolarizing basically not recharging for the lungs they’ll be shortness of breath and dyspnea known as difficulty breathing
Gi nazia vomiting and abdominal cramping neurologically your brain and spinal cord you’ll have restlessness and confusion which will lead to seizures and comas and the muscles you’ll have general weakness so nursing interventions for at low sodium hyponatremia so guys what are we gonna do about it well it’s a simple fix really we just add salt we use actually the
Acronym add salts so a we administer iv saline solution but caution it depends on what type of hyponatremia we have if we have hypovolemic hyponatremia the body has this low low fluid so isotonic solutions like normal saline or lactated ringers for hypervolemic hyponatremia we have high high fluids so guys we’re not gonna give iv fluids we’ll just do water retention
And furosemide are loop diuretics now only for severe cases in both conditions we use a very super salty hypertonic solution like 3% saline it’s very very thick and it puts salt back in your body very quickly so d stands for diuretics or dialysis especially true for hypervolemic hyponatremia that high high fluid volume so diuretics we’ll get all that extra water
Out of the body and into the potty now if your patient’s kidneys are broken like in renal failure we’ll use the back up kidney our dialysis machine to suck out all the excess fluids these stands for daily weights so remember where sodium goes water flows so infusing a lot of sodium will cause weight gain this edema basically making your skin look like a waterbed
So please watch for that as a nurse s stands for safety our patients with low sodium have huge risk for falls so use fall precautions and this is pretty much due to orthostatic hypotension which is that low blood pressure upon standing so a huge risk for passing out and falling a stands for airway precautions so your patient will be on npo nothing per oral your
Patients probably confused and the last thing you really need is a choking patient so guys airway precautions npo l is for limits the water intake for patients with hypervolemic hyponatremia guys they’re already water filled and fluid filled so stop that water tea is for teach so foods high in salt like canned foods processed meats and cheeses anything packaged
Or basically the diet of any normal nursing students but am i right though uh i’m right there all right here’s a list that students usually don’t think about an end up getting wrong on their exams salad dressing soy sauces any type of sauce or seasoning vegetable juices especially those can like tomato juices like v8 and even chinese foods or cup of noodle soup oh
Wait what this oh come on man this is all i can afford after my tuition i mean i could be helping a treatment you never know alright guys that wraps up our lesson here and we’ll see you in the next video
Transcribed from video
Electrolyte Imbalances | Hyponatremia (Low Sodium) By Simple Nursing
