My roll number is pp1650125 and the topic of my assignment is drug dexamethasone today i’m gonna explain about you all what is dexamethasone dexamethasone dexamethasone belongs to a class of drug called corticosteroids it is an oral tablet which is available both as a generic and red name drug dexamethasone comes as an oral tablet oral solution eye drops air
Drops it is available as an injectable solution or intraocular solution given after surgery pharmacologically it is a corticosteroid if you talk about the therapeutics it is systemic anti-infective pharmacodynamic is by decreased inflammation a separation of migration of polymorphic nuclear glycosides and reversal of increased capillary permeability suppresses
Normal immune response pharmacokinetics is oral absorption is about 90 percent metabolism is low via liver renal excretion accounts for 60 percent plasma half-life is about 3.6 hours now indication dexamethasone oil tablet is used to treat many conditions like inflammation allergic reactions and sedative full vitus they also include include adrenal insufficiency
Contraindications may include allergic reaction heart damage infection for the people who have congestive heart failure with high blood pressure with peptic ulcers for the people with osteoporosis for people with hyperthyroidism eye problems tuberculosis recent history of heart attack for the people who are having diabetes the pregnant woman the one who are dictating
The that can do breastfeeding as well for the older adults so like these are the contraindications for of dexamethasone side effects upset stomach stomach irritation vomiting headache dizziness insomnia restlessness depression anxiety acne increased hair growth easy bruising irregular or abstinence will be used skin rash coral or infection that lost that last long
Division problems black or teres basically these are all the side effects of the corticosteroids you can also see in this picture now drug drug interaction basically dexamethasone can interact with other medications where it could be vitamins herbs or you may be taking this can be harmful or prevent the drug from working well these include antibiotics especially
Rethromycin anti-fungal drugs amphotericin b blood thinners warfarin cholesterol drugs cushing syndrome drugs diabetes drug diuretics basically these are the water pill drugs epilepsy drugs hard drugs hormones hiv drugs nsaids may include aspirin ibuprofen endometriosis and naproxen tuberculosis drug basically these are all the drugs that we can’t give to them with
The dexamethasone and in the back bracket these all are the examples vaccines may include measles mumps rubella intranasal flu smallpox water virus chicken box yellow fever typha these all are the vaccines which you can’t give with dexamethasone other drugs include aspen theridomite cyclosporine antidote basically there is no specific antidote for dexamethasone
But the treatment of overdoses by supportive or systematic therapy in the case of acute overdoses according to patient conditions supportive therapy may include gastric leverage or mss now what is mss basically the process of vomiting and gastric leverage is cleaning content of the stomach it could be either eliminating poison from the stomach basically it is
A gi decontamination technique to empty the stomach in this process we can do like by emptying the stomach of dogs and substances in a sequential administration and expiration of small volumes of fluid as you can see in this picture but a small volume of fluid is given to the patient on an orogeni or a gastric tube basically this is a oral restriction by this we
Are giving sequential administration and expiration of a small amount of liquid in order to clean the customer from the toxic compounds so basically this is gastric leverage and it could be called as supportive or systematic therapy for this treatment irrational use of drug in simple words we can say it is an inappropriate use of that medicine like it would mean
An adequate amount of dose frequency etc irrational use of drug uh if i talk about example so let’s discuss the example if dexamethasone is given to control nausea and vomiting in patients who had surgery and post operative pain so normally given to the control the nausea and vomiting will be it will be its irrational use like if we are giving to the patients
Who have post operative surgery it is okay but if we are giving just to control nausea and vomiting that would be its irrational use because it’s an inappropriate use of that medicine now now the second example if we discuss dexamethasone is suggested for patients with severe covet 19 with hypoxia but if he’d give this drug just for the hypoxemia patient then it
Would be it’s irrational use when there is not very much high risk for premature birth and it is suggested so this is an irrational use of that drug now alternative bench hydroquity stone can be used as an alternative brand to dexamethasone to treat patients severely ill with covid19 glycerol as successful alternate to dexamethasone for patients receiving brain
Irritation for metastatic diseases meloxiam is effective for the short-term relief of pain and inflammation associated with arthritis breadness zone effectively controls inflammation and an overactive immune system basically these all are the alternative drugs that could be prescribed in case of dexamethasone now the available brands available brands may include
Systemic nasal opt helming as you can see clearly number one number two and number three and in that you have different brand names available of different classes like if i talk about their drawn this is belong to class glucocorticoid and basically this drug is systematic and if i talk about the nasal that would be dexacort phosphate in cuban orion and this is a
Nasal dexamethasone preparation and belongs to the class nasal steroids now dexamethasone opthelmic brand name would be ozeridex decadron octometer dextendenza messagex these all are the brand names but if i talk about the cluster it will be included in ophthalmic steroids now those variation those variation could be range from 0.5 milligram till 6 mg available
In oral form iv form and whatever you are given to the patient in that time if i talk specifically about the doses of adrenal child dosage geriatric senior those such areas are pregnancy i am discussing now one by one of each dosage forms uh if i talk about the adult age 18 years and older it may be given in 0.75 and 9 milligram every day depending on the patient’s
Condition if i talk about the children dosage form it would be 0.02 to 0.035 according to the body weight if i talk about the gdi trace it could be different in the oral iv i am uh 24 to 20 milligram a day increasing in sport divided doses senior doses formed as their kidneys and livers may not work properly so this can cause your body process drug more slowly as
A result more of a drug stays in your body for a longer time and risk side effects so according to that age vector body weight we can prescribe the drugs to the patients now pregnancy dexamethasone and beta methyls cross the placenta with similar maternal and fetal concentrations since they are the treatment for the choice for fetal respiratory distress the lowest
Possible steroid dose needed to control disease it should be used in pregnancy like if uh the dose should be in minimum amount that would be better for that patient for the pregnant woman a standard regimen of dexamethasone that comprise two doses of 12 milligram intramuscular injections 12 apart was administered to 12 pregnant women to promote fetal language
Duration and deception of premature delivery before 34 completed weeks of gestation case study mr jd a 19-year old university student presents a campus gp about his gp now gpa is basically journal physician journal practical doctor in the afternoon with severe headache vomiting and photophobia since early morning of the same day on examination the patient has
A fever and he is unable to touch his chin to his knee he does not have a rash and is alert and oriented the gp administered benzyl penicillin iv 1.2 gram and the patient was transferred gently by ambulance to a and e mr gd weighs 70 kg is a smoker and has an un remarkable medical history he takes occasional caffeine tablets prior to examination but otherwise
Takes no regular medication he remembers receiving meningitis vaccine at school on arrival at e in a and e his viral signs are recorded as spoilers like heart rate 24 bpm temperature 39 degrees centigrade respiratory rate 26 spreads per minute blood pressure 95 by 65 millimeter mercury oxygen saturation 97 percent now what is photophobia as i have read in this
Case study photophobia basically uh is a fear of light it could be like bright indoor light can even be painful and it is caused by meningitis migraine headaches eye problems infective medications etc benzyl penicillin is basically the antibacterial drug given to the to treat bacterial infection certain type of bacterial infections uh subjective now we will
Prepare the soap notes for this case so now first of all subjective in subjective we will discuss one by one the headings number one chief complain as there is no chief complaint but headache vomiting and photophobia with fever onset of complaints since morning of the same day history of illness age 19 years weighed 70 kg gender male medical history the patient
Has unremarkable medical history but he is a smoker and occasionally take caffeine tablets received a meningitis vaccine current medication no current medication but benzyl iv was given to the patient when came in emergency objective objective includes laboratory data which is heart rate temperature respiratory rate blood pressure oxygen saturation now assessment
Assessment investigation includes one lumbar puncture and cerebrospinal fluid analysis csf pcr for help simple as virus blood cultures population screen urine electrolyte and fall blood count c reactive protein liver function test basically c reactive protein is a complete blood test in which we can identify about each blood cells plan medication the patient is
Diagnosed with suspected meningitis and the treatment plan is as follows uh sea foot exam seafood enzyme is given to the patient uh in two kilogram qds qds means once a day seafood exam is can be given either in the vein or muscle it is used to treat bacterial infections like pelvic inflammatory meningitis udin ammonia gonorrhea etc dexamethasone mpo pyrol
10 milligram qds functions today it is used to treat arthritis blood disorders allergic reactions skin diseases eye problems breathing problems and it is a glucocorticoid medication as we have discussed before acyclovir i mean we give to the patient acyclovir iv of 700 milligram tds and thrice a day uh acyclovir is used to treat source around the mouth infection
Caused by virus basically it is an antiviral drug paracetamol is an energetic and anti-inflammatory properties and also has antipyretic properties so as a patient is diagnosed with fever and pain so fast animal would be subjects suggested in this case cyclizine iv cyclazine iv prevent nausea vomiting dizziness motion sickness vertigo used to avoid nausea after great
Anesthesia general anesthesia or from opioid use cyclizine it may be given iv 50 milligram tds as per need in oxaparin subcutaneously we will provide to the patient 40 milligram od once steady post lumbar puncture anticoagulant blood thinner prevent dvt and pe basically uh prevent dvt deep venous thrombosis pe pulmonary embolism uh during pregnancy or certain type
Of surgery coronary syndrome heart attacks so these are the medications which we give to the patient for this for his disease and now uh if i talk about the references so i have collected all the material and the things related to this assignment from the basic clinical pharmacology book bedroom jigged chapter various google articles by reviewing and studying
Various google articles i have prepared my up to this presentation now i hope you all got the clear idea about the drug dex i mean this one what is it’s indication side effects drug drug interaction and i have also discussed the case of dexamethasone with you people so i hope now you all got the clear picture about the drug so thank you so much
Transcribed from video
Dexamethasone By Pharmacy by Dr. Shahana wahid
