Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant drug that is used to prevent transplant rejection and treat autoimmune diseases. It suppresses the immune system by inhibiting calcineurin, an enzyme necessary for IL-2 production. By inhibiting calcineurin, cyclosporine leads to a fall in IL-2 levels, which impairs T cell growth and activation. This results in an overall suppression of the immune response. However, cyclosporine does come with many adverse effects, of which the most important to remember are nephrotoxicity, gout or hyperuricemia, gingival hyperplasia, and hirsutism. Less important side effects include hyperlipidemia, neurotoxicity, and hypertension.
Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant drug primarily used in the prevention of transplant rejection there’s a lot you need to know about cyclosporine as well share my visual mnemonic to help you remember all the information needed for testing oh man so i’ve just finished the first leg of the cyclist port the famous french bike race take a look at that giant banner
That reads cycle sport by the way this cycle sport race is our symbol for cyclosporine an important drug you need to remember on test a cycle sport for cyclosporine now look at this cane in my hands since these cycle sport races are so long and intense my legs were super shot after racing to the point where i needed a cane to help me walk well a cane also happens
To be picks arises recurring symbol for immunosuppression since immunosuppression refers to a weakened immune system and a cane is used when someone is too weak to walk right cyclospora and causes immunosuppression the immune suppression costs by cyclosporine is useful in many contexts but you’ll really only see to ever in medical school first and most importantly
Cyclosporine can help prevent or slow down the course of transplant rejection second cyclosporine can treat autoimmune diseases like the vascular disease where most of the damage is mediated by autoimmunity this is pretty self-explanatory so i won’t waste too much time here let’s move on all right now check out all these team aids helping me race at the cycle sport
Since the psycho race happens in france it makes sense that these aids are french and just as you’d expect from french people these aids are fashionable wearing these snazzy cowl necks by the way the cowl-neck coincidentally helps me remember calcineurin because cowl-neck sounds like calcineurin next notice how one of these cowl-neck frenchmen is trying to shave
My legs to make me more aerodynamic or something of course i’m angrily telling him to leave my leg hair is my manly pride after all this waving off or dismissal of a cowl neck wearing side represents inhibition of calcineurin get it because i’m blocking the cowl-neck guy from doing what he wants to do calcineurin is an enzyme important for il-2 production and t
Cells and cyclosporine works by inhibiting calcineurin to achieve this cyclosporine actually binds to a molecule called cyclopean to form a complex it is this complex that then goes on to inhibit calcineurin however cyclin is pretty low yield and also starts with the word stem cyclo so we didn’t really think it needed its own symbol just remember cyclosporine and
Calcineurin let’s see what happens as a result of calcineurin inhibition take a look at my shoes over there my feet were blistering after the race so i took off my shoes and dropped them in the corner you see how these shoes are tied together you might even say that they are a pair of interlocking shoes well these dropped pair of interlocking shoes are our symbol
For fallen interleukin 2 since interlocking objects our symbol for the interleukins while shoe rhymes with the number 2 it’s the interleukin 2 interlocking shoes cyclosporine use leads to a fall in high l2 levels recall from our il-2 video that il-2 is needed for the growth and differentiation of t cells by l2 production is dependent on calcineurin and we know
That cyclosporine inhibits calcineurin therefore by inhibiting calcineurin cyclosporine indirectly blocks il-2 production ultimately the stops t cell growth and stimulation limiting the adaptive immune response this is helpful when we are trying to down regulate the immune response which is exactly what immunosuppressants are for now let’s talk about a host of side
Effects scene with cyclosporine use that you should remember for test a take a look at the water pouch i dropped over there cyclists always need to be well hydrated for races right while this particular water pouch is kidney shaped to represent the kidney since the pouch has been dropped and it even looks like it’s spilling this picture reminds me of nephrotoxicity
One of the main adverse side-effects of cyclosporine cyclosporine causes interstitial nephritis which is inflammation of the spaces in between the tubules in the kidneys although you don’t really need to worry about the exact mechanism just understand that cyclosporine impairs the function of the kidney therefore you should expect a bump in creatinine or b un
In patients taking cyclosporine all right now check out this stick of butter in my hand yeah i know it’s a bit gross but i’m biting right into the stick of butter the high fat and butter provides lots of energy for cycling well high fat coincidentally helps me remember the hyperlipidemia or increased blood lipid levels seen with cyclospora news just remember this
High-fat butter stick to remember hyperlipidemia is an adverse side effect of cyclosporine afterward notice the bubble gum in my mouth to get rid of the taste of eating straight butter i also chew on gum this bubble gum is actually our symbol for gingival hyperplasia since gingiva is just a fancy term for your gums and i’m blowing this bubble which reminds me of
Gum tissue overgrowth which is what gingival hyperplasia really means gingival hyperplasia is one of those weird side effects that test writers tend to like so you should definitely remember it for test a okay it looks like we’ve come full-circle back to my legs if you’ve ever biked or swam you know that shaving your legs helps improve your speed but oh gosh i
Really don’t want to remove this beautiful leg hair by the way the hairy legs also happens to be our symbol for hirsutism which is just a fancy term for excessive hair growth as another weird side-effect hirsutism is another that you should definitely know for test day okay now check out my blistered big toes my shoes were actually too tight and caused these painful
Swollen big toes the swollen big toes also remind me of pud agri inc out see gout is another potential adverse effect of cyclosporine cyclosporine use can increase uric acid levels and when this uric acid crystallizes in the joints it produces gout next let’s turn to my mechanic over here pumping the tires if you’ve ever bike before you’d know that fully pressurized
Tires help you ride faster as such my mechanic is really straining putting my tires under extremely high pressure while this high-pressure actually reminds me of hypertension since hypertension just refers to high blood pressure hypertension is yet another adverse side effect of cyclosporine while the mechanism is unclear it is thought to involve systemic and
Renal vasoconstriction induced by cyclosporine i wouldn’t focus too much on the mechanism just remember that hypertension can be seen with cyclosporine use okay lastly let’s take a look at the broken ribbon at the finish line wait this actually isn’t a ribbon it’s a wire that i snapped earlier maybe they use a wire instead of a ribbon to electronically record
Who finished the race first in any case this wire is frayed which nicely serves as our symbol for neurotoxicity you know a frayed wire for neurotoxicity nerves conduct electrical impulses kind of like wires right neurologic symptoms in patients taken cyclosporine usually manifest as peripheral neuropathy although cns symptoms like ataxia and encephalopathy can
Also be seen for test day just picture this frayed wire to remember that cyclosporine can potentially cause neurotoxicity okay so that’s it for cyclosporine let’s recap quickly so i can get back to training cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant drug that’s used to prevent transplant rejection and also to treat autoimmune diseases it suppresses the immune system by
Inhibiting calcineurin an enzyme necessary for il-2 production by inhibiting calcineurin cyclosporine leads to a fall in high l2 levels which impairs t-cell growth and activation this results in an overall suppression of the immune response however cyclosporine does come with many adverse effects of which the most important to remember are nephrotoxicity gout or
Hyperuricemia gingival hyperplasia and hirsutism less important side effects to remember are hyperlipidemia neurotoxicity and hypertension and that’s it for this cycle race my legs could really use a break i’ll catch you in the next race thanks for watching for more videos like this one click here to subscribe to our youtube channel you can also support our team
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Transcribed from video
Cyclosporine Mnemonic for USMLE By Pixorize
