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Antiepileptics, Hypnotic/Sedatives & General Anesthetic Agent – Pharm – Nervous |@Level Up RN

Posted on October 30, 2022 By
Health

In this video, Cathy covers four important antiseizure medications (phenytoin, topiramate, levetiracetam, primidone), medications for insomnia (zolpidem and eszopiclone), barbiturates (pentobarbital), and a general anesthetic agent (propofol).

Okay. in this video, we are going to recover the  remaining nervous system medications. if you are   in this video, we will be covering antiseizure  as well as sedative hypnotic medications,  alright. let’s talk about antiseizure medications.  there are many antiseizure medications out there.   ones to know, to include here on card 86.

So those are phenytoin as well as topiramate,   through some of the common side effects   for phenytoin, a key side effect that  you definitely have to know is gingival   hyperplasia. so that is basically an overgrowth of  gum tissue. the gums become enlarged. other side   so when a patient is on phenytoin, we are going 

To need them to come in for frequent blood draws   is pretty narrow and it’s hard to hit it just   right with the dose. we don’t want to be too high  because we’ll have toxicity, and we don’t want to   so we’re going to need those blood draws   pretty frequently to get the dose just right.  we want the level to be between 10

And 20 μ/ml.  side effects such as vision issues, dizziness,   because of that side effect of metabolic   then with levetiracetam, this can cause  behavioral abnormalities, as well as fatigue   and agranulocytosis. so agranulocytosis means  it basically causes white blood cell counts to   so we’re definitely going to want

To  monitor them for signs of infection. and then lastly, with primidone. primidone   so with primidone, this actually has a very  narrow therapeutic range as well, just like   we had with phenytoin. so again, our patient is  going to have to go get frequent blood draws to   make sure our dose is just right and within the 

Proper range, which is between 5 and 12 μ/ml.  alright. now let’s talk about medications that  are used for insomnia. medications that fall   these medications both work by increasing  which helps to promote sedation and sleep. so the way i remember these medications is   side effects with both of these medications  include daytime

Sleepiness, which is very common,   so these medications actually carry  possibility for abnormal thinking and behavior. so some patient teaching you will want to do,   also melatonin is another supplement  sleep-wake cycle and may be effective for the  patient as well who is dealing with insomnia.  barbiturates are sedative hypnotic

Agents.   pentobarbital can be used for preoperative  sedation as well as in the treatment of   seizures. it can also help to induce a coma in  a patient who has high intracranial pressure.  side effects include lethargy, hypotension,  respiratory depression, as well as constipation.  the way i remember this medication is that,

“I  climbed over some barbed wire to get into the   pentagon, and the secret service came and knocked  me out with some pentobarbital and took me to   jail.” so obviously it didn’t happen, but that’s  my little story on how i remember pentobarbital.  definitely want to closely monitor their vital   signs, and you want to

Make sure that there is  resuscitation equipment available at the beside.  alright. the last nervous system medication that  i’m going to go over is a general anesthetic agent   propofol because michael jackson used that   propofol is used in the induction and  it also provides sedation for intubated patients. the mode of action of

Propofol is to potentiate   bradycardia, hypotension, and respiratory  when you are administering propofol to your  patient, you’re going to want to continuously   monitor their vital signs. also keep in mind that  propofol does not treat pain, right? it has no   analgesic effect. and then the other thing you  need to keep

In mind is that you need to use   because of the risk of bacterial contamination   propofol, it starts with that p-r-o-p like prop.  so if you are given propofol, someone will have   that wraps up our nervous system  we will start in on musculoskeletal  medications. thanks so much for watching!

Transcribed from video
Antiepileptics, Hypnotic/Sedatives & General Anesthetic Agent – Pharm – Nervous |@Level Up RN By Level Up RN

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