Hey friends! In today’s video, Madison gives an overview of antibiotics! You can use this video to help prepare for that upcoming NP board exam! Don’t forget to check out our channel for not only NP content videos but test taking strategies as well!
Hey friends madison here with sarah michelle mp reviews and today we are going to discuss antibiotics and depth in this video you will learn what the most heavily tested topics are on the exam and how and when to treat them with antibiotics the goal of this youtube video is to remember that this is a stress-free learning environment and by the end of this video
You’ll absolutely know what antibiotics are used for what disease processes the goal of this video is to ensure that you guys know that antibiotics aren’t scary we’re going to help students with fun mnemonics to remember antibiotics and give you guys the tools to be successful when it comes to boards and questions that you may see on boards so with that being
Said let’s jump right in so first we have penicillin penicillins are used to treat a variety of different disease processes and in doing so we have to know what are the penicillin drugs and what disease processes they’re able to treat penicillin enzincillin some examples are amoxicillin dicloxacillin penicillin and augmentin these are generally tolerated really
Well while also being pregnancy and infancy safe so what can these treat and guys they can be used for more but these are the most common uses that we see tested on so up first we have amoxicillin we can use amoxicillin for a variety of different reasons but the most commonly tested ones are pneumonia in certain cases otitis media syphilis which would be that
Penicillin gim injection group a strep throat group b strep in pregnancy via iv and sinusitis then we have augmentin this one is most commonly used in second line otitis media if there’s treatment failure with amoxicillin or if the patient has recently had antibiotic use we can also use this one to treat sinusitis as this drug penetrates the sinus cavity another
Penicillin we should familiarize ourselves with is dicloxacillin dicloxacillin is a drug we most oftentimes see used to treat mastitis however if there is a contraindication or an allergy to dicloxacillin we can use second line treatments like clindamycin or a macrolide and since we just talked about microlides let’s go ahead and discuss those let’s jump right
Into these these drugs end in mycin and it’s very common to see gi side effects like nausea vomiting and diarrhea when we use these antibiotics so in saying that what can we use macrolides for macrolides can be used in certain cases of pneumonia we can also use azithromycin to treat pertussis but remember guys with this one it only helps to treat to allow for no
Further spread it does not shorten the symptoms we can also use clarithromycin as part of the h pylori treatment guidelines in the triple option then we have sulfonamides these drugs have the name sulfa in them the most commonly used is trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole also known as bactrim these are most commonly used to treat cystitis or utis turbulent cellulitis
Pjp prophylaxis and aids patients and below the way skin complaints however there is one huge safety concern with sulfonamide medications and if you guys guessed stephen johnson syndrome then you’re absolutely correct this is a notorious reaction that can that people can have when they take sulfonamide antibiotics but it can also happen with other medications too
This disease process starts with flu-like symptoms and then a painful bleeding peeling rash erupts on the entire body this is a medical emergency if you have a patient who ever develops a rash while on a sulfonamide let’s go ahead and send them to the er just to be safe up next we have stethos forins these contain the name steph in them these are pregnancy safe
Antibiotics these are okay to use if a patient has a previous penicillin allergy as long as it was not an anaphylactic reaction these are most commonly used for post-operative skin wounds and skin complaints up next the heavy hitters fluoroquinones these always end in floxacin these are heavy heavy duty antibiotics and should be reserved from when we absolutely
Need them so with that being said what can we use for quinolones for we have respiratory fluoroquinolones and other fluoroquinolones the respiratory fluoroquinolone is levofloxacin this is used in patients with pneumonia if they have respiratory comorbidities or recent antibiotic use other fluoroquinolones include ciprofloxacin which is used for utis diverticulitis
And traveler’s diarrhea but there’s a black box warning with these medications do you guys know what that one may be if you guys guessed heel pain then you’re absolutely right remember that’s that achilles tendon rupture and if you have a patient who is on a fluoroquinolone and they complain of heel pain this is a medical emergency now we have tetracyclines these
Drugs end in cycling some common side effects that we see with these are gi which is nausea vomiting and diarrhea so always educate your patient to take these with food we try our best to avoid these drugs in pregnancy except if a patient is diagnosed with rocky mountain spotted fever or lyme disease as the benefit will always outweigh the risk some other uses for
Tetracyclines other than rocky mountain spotted fever and lyme disease are purulent cellulitis and in certain cases pneumonia vancomycin is a drug that we use for far more serious infections with this we are worried about nephro and ototoxicity redman syndrome can also occur while taking this drug but it can be pre-treated if the patient history is known prior to
Administering this drug nitrofurantoin or macrobit is a pretty easy one to remember we really only see this one used for urinary tract infections up next we have clindamycin clindamycin is an antibiotic used for more serious infections like purulent cellulitis we have to be careful with this one though because it has a very high risk for a super infection like c
Diff this is also a great second line option for mastitis then we have metronidazole or flagyl this one is known to have a few pretty serious side effects too guys these can include gi upset metallic taste and disulfurum-like reaction if taken with alcohol so what can we use metronidazole to treat you have trichomoniasis bacterial vaginosis and h pylori but guys i
Want to give you guys a tip that trichomoniasis remember that’s the flagella that you see and those little guys dance around and i want you to remember flagella in the song is tricky tricky tricky tricky and you’ll never forget that metronidazole treats trick up next we have rifampin rifampin is a drug that’s used in tuberculosis and bacterial meningitis we often
See the side effect of all the excretions turning red with this drug and guys one lab that we have to monitor with rifampin is those liver function tests because this drug is very harsh on the liver so now let’s discuss some tips and tricks that i want you guys to know to be successful when you take your board exams for sinusitis august colds this is augmentin
And selfless foreigns these are both great options for sinusitis then we have strep throat we strip at night so strip in the pm and what that means is pm it’s penicillin and macrolides and these are both great options for strep throat then we have purulent cellulitis and this one is miss a bcd so preliment cellulitis is a nasty infection and it’s usually caused
By mrsa which is where we get the miss a from and how we treat it bcd bactrim clindamycin or doxycycline my all-time favorites next dog and cat bites guys just remember the rhyme dog bitten equals augmentin extra question how long after a dog or cat bite do we suture these up the answer is never you never ever ever ever ever suture up a dog or cat bite another
Common question that we get asked is what are those pregnancy safe antibiotics and y’all the answer is camping let’s go camping cephalosporins amoxicillins macrolides macrobid and penicillin these are safe generally throughout the entire pregnancy with the exception of macrobid being safest in the second trimester and then we have pneumonia and guys when i want
You guys to think of pneumonia think about the lungs being mad so mad long um use mad which would be a macrolide amoxicillin or doxycycline if your patient has no respiratory comorbidities and has no recent antibiotic use however if your patient has respiratory comorbidities or antibiotics within the last 90 days we have to use that lung the ill which stands for
Levofloxacin if our patient cannot take levofloxacin for whatever reason then we must use a macrolide together with an augmentin we have to use those heavier drugs due to comorbid conditions and because any bacteria that may be tolerant to recently used antibiotics then we have h pylori we have two treatment options for this one triple and quadruple therapy we
Do see quadruple therapy used more now due to an antibiotic resistance in the triple therapy for triple therapy think of wearing a cap clarithromycin amoxicillin and a ppi if they’re allergic to amoxicillin then we can throw flagyl in place of it for quadruple therapy think treat my belly pain tetracycline metronidazole bismuthal and a ppi and then the dreaded
Sti questions guys these are not hard especially with this fun mnemonic that i’ve got for you guys cuties all get cooties to be freaky sneaky and playful chlamydia gets a zithra or doxy gonorrhea gets death triaxone trick gets fragile and syphilis gets penicillin gim if you can’t remember that mnemonic if you can remember that mnemonic then you’re never going to
Forget what antibiotic goes with which sti and if you can’t remember that mnemonic i want you guys to just keep repeating it in your head cuties all get cooties to be freaky sneaky and playful up next otatis externa also known as swimmer’s ear this bacteria that usually causes this the pseudomonas and that one’s nasty so we have to use a heavy hitter drug for this
One due to the bacteria pseudomonas we use ofloxacin drops for this one and we can also use cortisporin drops to help with the pain and finally you guys have made it congratulations friends you’ve made it through the antibiotics review and you now have all the tools to be successful when you take and pass your board exams if you have any questions please utilize
The facebook page or email the team we look forward to seeing your passing emails and your passing pictures on our facebook page and we can’t wait to see you guys be the real deal in fees good luck
Transcribed from video
Antibiotics Overview with SM NP Reviews By Sarah Michelle NP Reviews
